Microdiscectomy or Microdecompression Surgical Procedure

What is Microdiscectomy?

Microdiscectomy, also sometimes referred to as microdecompression, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed on patients by the surgeon having a herniated lumbar disc. During this surgery, a surgeon will take out portions of the herniated disc to alleviate pressure on the spinal nerve column.

Things you need to know

Microdiscectomy is performed under the influence of anesthesia.
The procedure takes about 1 to 2 hours.
You will be required to stay in the hospital for about 1 to 2 days, followed by a few more days of rest
Your average length of stay will be around two days to a week.

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How to prepare for the treatment?

Your healthcare provider will discuss the entire procedure with you.
The doctor will analyze your complete medical history by performing a complete physical exam, blood tests, or other diagnostic tests.
If you are allergic or sensitive to any medicines such as iodine, latex, tape, or anaesthetic agents, tell the healthcare provider.
Also, tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines, supplements that you may be taking.
Avoid smoking
You will have to arrange for someone to take you back home.

Procedure involved

The procedure following procedure is generally performed:

You will have to change into a hospital gown and empty your bladder before the operation.
Your heart and blood pressure status will be checked, and a healthcare professional will start an intravenous (IV) line in your arm, and anaesthesia will be given.
The surgeon will make a 1- to 1 1/2-inch incision directly over the affected disc.
A lighted microscope will be utilized to help your surgeon examine the affected area.
The surgeon may cut-off a small portion of bone that protects the root nerve.
The surgeon will remove the damaged herniated tissue with a scissor-like tool, easing the nerve's pressure.
The incision is stitched back with sutures.
The patient is generally discharged the same day or the next morning.
As the spinal nerve now has the space it needs inside the spinal column, the pain caused by pinching on the nerve will stop.

What to expect after the treatment?

Generally, the recovery time is less than other, more invasive procedures. You may leave the hospital on that same day or within 24 hours.
A physical therapist and occupational therapist will examine you before leaving the hospital. The therapists will teach how you can reduce lifting, bending, and twisting activities that you may do with your back.
The therapists will instruct you on some exercises to do at home to improve the muscles' strength and flexibility around your spine.
Avoid sitting in a position for a more extended period.
You may need to reduce your workload after the first week or two after surgery.
You will gradually progress your way back to regular activity. The full recovery time is about six weeks.

Potential risks that you need to know about:
Microdiscectomy is usually a safe procedure, and therefore complications are rare. However, like any with surgery, there are some risks associated with it. These include:

dural tear (cerebrospinal fluid leak)
nerve root damage
recurrent disc herniation
bowel/bladder incontinence
bleeding
infection

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